Oxford University :The University of Oxford is one of the leading universities in the world.
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A brief history of the University
As the oldest university in the English-speaking world, Oxford is a unique and historic institution. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, set in motion the University's tradition of international scholarly links. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a universitas or corporation.
In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (townspeople and students) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of Oxford's colleges, which began as medieval 'halls of residence' or endowed houses under the supervision of a Master. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, which were established between 1249 and 1264, are the oldest.
Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.
From its early days, Oxford was a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and during the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford.
The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House, and in the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country.
The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival. Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley's prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society.
The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era, especially in religious controversy. From 1833 onwards The Oxford Movement sought to revitalise the Catholic aspects of the Anglican Church. One of its leaders, John Henry Newman, became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and was later made a Cardinal. In 1860 the new University Museum was the scene of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce.
From 1878, academic halls were established for women and they were admitted to full membership of the University in 1920. Five all-male colleges first admitted women in 1974 and, since then, all colleges have changed their statutes to admit both women and men. St Hilda's College, which was originally for women only, was the last of Oxford's single sex colleges. It has admitted both men and women since 2008.
During the 20th and early 21st centuries, Oxford added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as an international focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.
Meals
Lunch and dinner are available in Hall (first floor of the Hilda Besse Building) daily except Saturday evening and Sunday, for most of the year. Meals are organised on a self-service system so no booking is required. A choice of dishes, usually including meat, fish and a vegetarian menu, are available in the servery, and payment is by cash. Meal prices are modest and are subsidised by the College.
Common Rooms
The Common Rooms are situated on the top floor of the Hilda Besse Building. Here you may entertain your guests for tea or coffee after lunch and dinner and read the wide range of newspapers and journals available to members.
Libraries
The collective holdings of the Main Library and Centre Libraries comprise over 110,000 volumes. Subscriptions to current periodicals number about 300.
The Main Library itself holds over 60,000 volumes and subscribes to over 70 current journals with the general collections in modern history, politics, international relations and economics, the collections on Europe, Asia, and the non-Slavonic collections on Russia, the former USSR and Eastern Europe. The Main Library also houses some 20th century archive collections including the Wheeler-Bennett papers. A list of recent accessions can be viewed on-line (Local access only).
St Antony's is associated with the Oxford Libraries Information System (OLIS), and has been a contributor to the University's on-line union library catalogue since 1990. The Main Library has reader workstations providing access to many on-line and networked research resources.
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| 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology | United States | |
| 3 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | Mexico |  |
| 4 University of California, Berkeley | United States | |
| 5 Peking University | China |  |
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| 10 Duke University | United States | |
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